Deep Geothermal Heating Systems

As the UK advances towards net zero emissions, ground source energy systems are increasingly utilised to support decarbonisation in buildings, particularly larger facilities such as airports, hospitals, universities, and office buildings.

Over the past two decades, many projects have used shallow boreholes (less than 500 metres deep) for renewable energy provision, but interest in the UK is growing in deep geothermal technology, which accesses higher temperatures at depths of 2,000 metres or more. Groundwater temperatures at these depths may reach approximately 60–70°C, potentially supplying heating without the need for supplemental heat pumps.

The installation cost of deep hydrothermal boreholes is substantial, requiring significant investment for both abstraction and aquifer recharge boreholes. For large-scale district heating applications in urban areas or facilities with long operational lifespans, such as hospitals or universities, deep geothermal technology may be an option.

Both shallow open loop borehole systems and deep geothermal systems require similar feasibility assessments and development processes. While traditional water well drilling in the UK commonly reaches depths up to 500 metres, drilling to 2,000 metres or greater is performed by specialists experienced in oil and gas operations, utilising larger rigs, which results in higher costs.

Deep geothermal energy has the potential to contribute to the UK’s long-term decarbonisation objectives. Further information on shallow and deep geothermal assessments please get in touch.